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HUB – a hub has a number of input lines that it joins electrically. Frames arriving on any of the lines are sent out on all the others. If two frames arrive at the same time, they will collide, just as on a coaxial cable. It means that the entire hub forms a […]
Null Modems – most of the times, its desirable to connect two terminals over a short distance without using a modem. Essentially, because these terminals are in close proximity of each other, there is no requirement to use telephone lines to interconnect them so in this case null modems can be used to establish the […]
X.21 is an interface standard which is designed by the ITU-T to address many of the problems existing in EIA interfaces and at the same time it paves the way for all digital communication. X.21 is designed to work with balanced circuits at 64 kbps, a rate which is becoming industry standard. In the EIA […]
I don’t understand one thing that after having so much strong root of the Linux why it is still struggling in the air to get supremacy, it has every thing from LILO to powerful libraries, from data files to shell, from device special files to heaviest tape archiving. It is supposed to the strongest operating […]
Open Shortest Path First Protocol or abbreviated as OSPF is a newer alternative to RIP as an interior gateway protocol. This overcomes all the limitations of RIP. Its domain is also an autonomous system. Special routers called autonomous system boundary routers are responsible for dissipating information about other autonomous systems into the current system. OSPF […]
The routing information protocol is an interior routing protocol used inside an autonomous system. RIP is developed at the University of California at Berkley to perform routing on their local networks. Routers that connect multiple networks use RIP to let each other know the shortest route to a specified network.
It’s a very simple protocol […]
The Hello protocol provides an example of an IGP that uses a routing metric other than hop-count. Although hello is now obsolete, it was significant in the history of internet coz it was the IGP used among the original NSFNET backbone “fuzz ball” routers. Hello is significant to us coz it provides an example of […]
TELNET is a client server application program. Telnet is abbreviated for terminal network. It is the standard TCP/IP protocol for virtual terminal service. The virtual terminal protocol allows a user on one machine to log into a distant machine and work there. Mostly communication problems are due to differences in characteristics of much type […]
SNMP stands for simple network management protocol. It’s a framework for managing device on internet using TCP/IP protocol suite. It provides a set of fundamental for monitoring and maintaining an internet..
SNMP uses the concept of manager and agent. A management station called manager is a host that runs the SNMP client program. A managed station […]
Physical layer is lowest level layer of the Open system interconnection, some scientist also say that physical layer is the top most layer of the model of communication between the two or more computer systems, physical layer only defines certain factors like electrical, functional and mechanical aspects of the physical link. The physical layer is […]